Facebook was released on February 4, 2004 by Mark Zuckerberg along with 4 other friends such as Eduardo Saverin, Andrew McCollum, Dustin Moskovitz and Chris Hughes.

Since 2004, Facebook has introduced some of the features contained in the website. The News Feed feature introduced in 2006 allows users to communicate and view their friends' activities on the website. It also allows for direct advertisement to the user's News Feed. In 2007, Facebook introduced the Beacon feature, which collects data about its user activities, focusing on the habits of user shopping activities.

Beacon Tool is used to track user's search data and purchases from partner sites, Facebook then broadcast this information to the user's network. No need to wait too long, this feature reaps a lot of controversy and protests from the online community. Many communities believe that the Beacon Tool is a privacy violation and a user agreement violation by the company. The Beacon Tool records Internet activity of Facebook users and sends this activity back to Facebook which then publishes across the network of Facebook users. The Beacon Tool is applied to all Facebook users by default.

The world community faces unprecedented ecological challenges in the 21st century, including climate change, resource scarcity, and threats to biodiversity. A critical task in coming decades for government policymakers, civil society organizations, corporate leaders, and entrepreneurial innovators will be to find ways to meet simultaneously both economic and environmental goals.

 

PERTAMINA has been awarded two platinum awards in the CSR Award (ICA) 2017, and an Appreciation Award presented by Sindo News Media for conducting CSR in the same year. However, PERTAMINA is also linked to controversial cases, such as the devastating oil spill in Balikpapan Bay in 2018 due to a leaked oil pipe. This is not a surprising news, as PERTAMINA allegedly experienced a leak from its oil pipes previously, in the year of 2004 and 2017.

 

The PERTAMINA oil spill case in Balikpapan Bay causes multiple adverse impacts to the environment, the surrounding society, and to the business itself. The ecological damage itself is estimated to be US $8.27 billion. The spill is said to be Indonesia’s worst environmental disaster from the last ten years. How can PERTAMINA manage environmental and business sustainability by reducing ecological damages and promote sustainable development? More importantly, how can the government help impose laws, regulations, and sanctions to help support environmental sustainability?

In 2013, Takata Corporation, an automotive parts industry, bear the consequences of airbag products defects they have sold to the clients. The airbag inflator is broken, so the airbag does not come out, even suddenly the airbag exploded without cause and the first case appeared in the United States. As a company who applied zero fatalities concept, Takata must provide safety to consumers but in reality, there are 22 casualties and more than 100 of people have accidents because of Takata airbag. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) is an agency of the Executive Branch of the U.S. government, part of the Department of Transportation with road safety related regulations handles these Airbags case by conducting investigations and focusing safety factors more comprehensively. But the government did not act quickly even though this case has occurred since the early 2000s but until recently, only about 30-40% airbags has been replaced. There are 18 automobile manufacturer who became the clients of Takata and more than 70 million vehicles has been hit the road. How the government regulates consumer protection related to this issue? How the clients’ companies respond to this issue and protect the consumers? How far Takata’s power and influence as a main supplier to many clients in global supply chain? Why ethical issues such as defective product can affect company’s reputation? And why consumer or the general public is an important organizational stakeholder?

In a world where democracies are important, news organizations play a crucial role in the development of modern society. In other words, media organizations significantly influence society through their content. The character of the media is interesting in this regard. The media serves as a surveillance for public institutions and society, but media outlets are also business entities with the baggage of potential bias and interests that come with money.

As the press has grown into a massive and powerful existence, especially with the emergence of online media, there has been a significant change in reporting news from things that already happened to things that are happening. However, in order to provide 'real-time' news, the essence of journalism, which should strictly rely on the verification of facts, seems to be often neglected. Some of the most important aspects of the media's social responsibilities lie in the areas of ethical journalism, news accuracy, and media bias. The failure to appraise upon those aspects might cause public misinformation and, in the Indonesian context, social conflict.

In 2017, in West Kalimantan, Maman Budiman, a 53-year-old man was on March 26 attempting to visit his son in Amawang village in Mempawah regency when he was beaten to death by local people who suspected him of preying on children. Maman, who was a trader in petai beans (bitter beans), had been intending to deliver some rice and other foods to his son, Tedi (26) when he stopped to ask for directions. He was brutally bashed and detained at the village hall. At the time, false information on “massive” child kidnapping was being spread in the country through social media and chat apps which lead people to believe it. As people rely more on social media for news, there is a real risk of fake news hijacking Indonesian democracy. It is crucial that Indonesian schools teach children to practice critical thinking, so they can distinguish between facts and lies because media have a strong influence towards our children these days in order to get the standard perspective of the news and prevent bias on news media.

This case study strives to capture the way Pertamina University (PU), as a token of PT Pertamina's CSR program, generates money as well as attracting talents to cover the employee turnover. This university should be distinguished from the Pertamina Corporate University (PCU) on which employees do the in-house trainings. In contrast, the PU recruits and educate students to catch up the corporate operational standards after which they would work for the corporation.

PT Pertamina relegates their CSR programs through another legal entity called the the Pertamina Foundation (PF). However, the 2012 Government Regulation No. 47 obliges the CEO to executes the CSR program afther which earning the approval from the BOD. In other words, CSR programs should not be run by other organisations whose legal standing are different.

As some, if not most, Indonesians perceive the idea of organisational/corporate social responsibilities as no more than philanthropy, donations or charities, the university might be an example of the best practice of ethical CSR within which the program succeeds to be financially productive, and supporting the corporate business activities.