The film industry in Indonesia began around 1950 marked by the production of the first film in Indonesia entitled Darah & Doa on March 30, 1950, and now celebrated as National Film Day. In the 1950s and 1960s cinemas began to appear in big cities like Jakarta, and the Indonesian cinema business community was formed, called the Indonesian Cinema Association (GABSI). From 1965 to 1970, the film industry experienced a difficult period due to the G30SPKI incident, which caused massive inflation and a decline in consumer purchasing power. In the 1980s videotape piracy began to emerge due to the limited number of cinemas. After going through difficult times, the Indonesian film industry began to rise with the emergence of the extensive Studio 21 cinema network in 1987 and began taking the small cinema market. In the 1990s, the film industry experienced a decline due to the irregular regulation of film registration in Indonesia so that the data on films produced became unclear. The emergence of VCD and DVD technology also caused interest in watching in the cinema decreased. Entering the 2000s, the film industry in Indonesia rose again with the emergence of several best-selling films in the market such as Petualangan Sherina, Ada Apa dengan Cinta, Eiffel I'm in Love, and Gie, which attracted the attention of various groups of people to watch in theatres.

 

Palm oil is one of the world’s most produced and consumed oils. This cheap, production-efficient and highly stable oil is used in a wide variety of food, cosmetic and hygiene products, and can be used as a source for biofuel or biodiesel. Most palm oil is produced in Asia, Africa and South America because the trees require warm temperatures, sunshine and plenty of rain in order to maximize production. In Indonesia, PT Perkebunan Nusantara as one of the companies owned by Government who specialized operating the palm oil production was challenged by the controversial cases in Sumatra. The case arises after the land clearing activities for the palm oil plantation that caused haze spread throughout several countries in Southeast Asia.

 

The land clearing cases in Sumatra island causes multiple adverse impacts to the environment, surrounding society, and to the business, itself. The 2015 Southeast Asian haze was an air pollution crisis affecting several countries in Southeast Asia. It was caused by PTPN from illegal slash-and-burn practices to open new palm oil plantation due to land clearing, principally on the Indonesian islands of Sumatra and Kalimantan, which then spread quickly in the dry season. This case has been the worst disaster not only for Indonesia but also other countries surrounded.

Facebook was released on February 4, 2004 by Mark Zuckerberg along with 4 other friends such as Eduardo Saverin, Andrew McCollum, Dustin Moskovitz and Chris Hughes.

Since 2004, Facebook has introduced some of the features contained in the website. The News Feed feature introduced in 2006 allows users to communicate and view their friends' activities on the website. It also allows for direct advertisement to the user's News Feed. In 2007, Facebook introduced the Beacon feature, which collects data about its user activities, focusing on the habits of user shopping activities.

Beacon Tool is used to track user's search data and purchases from partner sites, Facebook then broadcast this information to the user's network. No need to wait too long, this feature reaps a lot of controversy and protests from the online community. Many communities believe that the Beacon Tool is a privacy violation and a user agreement violation by the company. The Beacon Tool records Internet activity of Facebook users and sends this activity back to Facebook which then publishes across the network of Facebook users. The Beacon Tool is applied to all Facebook users by default.

The world community faces unprecedented ecological challenges in the 21st century, including climate change, resource scarcity, and threats to biodiversity. A critical task in coming decades for government policymakers, civil society organizations, corporate leaders, and entrepreneurial innovators will be to find ways to meet simultaneously both economic and environmental goals.

 

PERTAMINA has been awarded two platinum awards in the CSR Award (ICA) 2017, and an Appreciation Award presented by Sindo News Media for conducting CSR in the same year. However, PERTAMINA is also linked to controversial cases, such as the devastating oil spill in Balikpapan Bay in 2018 due to a leaked oil pipe. This is not a surprising news, as PERTAMINA allegedly experienced a leak from its oil pipes previously, in the year of 2004 and 2017.

 

The PERTAMINA oil spill case in Balikpapan Bay causes multiple adverse impacts to the environment, the surrounding society, and to the business itself. The ecological damage itself is estimated to be US $8.27 billion. The spill is said to be Indonesia’s worst environmental disaster from the last ten years. How can PERTAMINA manage environmental and business sustainability by reducing ecological damages and promote sustainable development? More importantly, how can the government help impose laws, regulations, and sanctions to help support environmental sustainability?

In 2013, Takata Corporation, an automotive parts industry, bear the consequences of airbag products defects they have sold to the clients. The airbag inflator is broken, so the airbag does not come out, even suddenly the airbag exploded without cause and the first case appeared in the United States. As a company who applied zero fatalities concept, Takata must provide safety to consumers but in reality, there are 22 casualties and more than 100 of people have accidents because of Takata airbag. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) is an agency of the Executive Branch of the U.S. government, part of the Department of Transportation with road safety related regulations handles these Airbags case by conducting investigations and focusing safety factors more comprehensively. But the government did not act quickly even though this case has occurred since the early 2000s but until recently, only about 30-40% airbags has been replaced. There are 18 automobile manufacturer who became the clients of Takata and more than 70 million vehicles has been hit the road. How the government regulates consumer protection related to this issue? How the clients’ companies respond to this issue and protect the consumers? How far Takata’s power and influence as a main supplier to many clients in global supply chain? Why ethical issues such as defective product can affect company’s reputation? And why consumer or the general public is an important organizational stakeholder?